Shut the Box rules
Shut the Box is a dice game for one or more players using a box of numbered tiles, normally 1–9 or 1–12. On your turn you roll two dice and shut any combination of open tiles that adds up exactly to your roll, then roll again; your turn ends when no combination of the open tiles can make your roll. Your score is the sum of the tiles still open, and the lowest score wins. Shutting every tile is a perfect game, called "shutting the box". A Shut the Box game takes a minute or two from first roll to last, which is a large part of why the box has stayed a pub fixture for as long as it has.
What you need
A Shut the Box set is a shallow wooden box with hinged or sliding tiles numbered 1 to 9 (or 1 to 12) and two standard six-sided dice. Any number of people can play, taking turns one at a time.
- A Shut the Box board with tiles numbered 1–9 or 1–12.
- Two standard six-sided dice.
- One or more players. Everyone plays their own turn on the same box.
- Paper for scores if you are playing several rounds.
How to play a turn
Start with every tile open. Roll both dice, add them together, then shut any combination of open tiles adding up to exactly that total. Keep rolling until you cannot make your roll from the tiles still open.
Open every tile
Begin your turn with all tiles standing open, showing 1 through 9 (or 1 through 12).
Roll both dice
Roll the two dice and add the faces together. That total is what you must match with tiles this roll.
Shut tiles adding to your roll
Shut any combination of open tiles whose numbers add up to exactly your total. Rolling 8 lets you shut 8, or 1+7, or 3+5, or 1+3+4: any open combination that sums to 8. You may shut only one combination per roll.
Switch to one die when every tile left is 6 or lower
Once all the tiles still open are 6 or below, you may roll a single die instead of two for the rest of your turn. This is the standard rule on most boards and it materially improves your odds.
Keep rolling until you are stuck
Roll and shut repeatedly. Your turn ends the moment you roll a total that cannot be made from any combination of the open tiles.
Add up the tiles left open
Your score is the sum of the numbers still showing. Lowest score wins. If you shut every tile you score 0 and have shut the box, winning outright.
Scoring
Your score is the total of the tiles left open at the end of your turn, and the lowest score wins. On a 9-tile board the worst possible score is 45 and on a 12-tile board it is 78; zero is a perfect game.
| Board | Perfect game | Worst possible score | Typical good score |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 tiles (1–9) | 0 (shut the box) | 45 | 0–10 |
| 12 tiles (1–12) | 0 (shut the box) | 78 | 0–25 |
Some households score the open tiles as digits read left to right rather than as a sum, so leaving 5 and 7 open scores 57 instead of 12. Agree which method you are using before the first roll, because it changes which tiles you want to keep open.
In a multi-round game, players usually take turns until someone passes an agreed target (often 45 on a 9-tile board), and the lowest cumulative total wins.
Shut the Box terms explained
The vocabulary around a Shut the Box board is inconsistent. The same move has different names in different pubs and different countries. These are the terms you will actually meet, defined the way players use them.
Shutting the box
- Closing every tile on the board in a single turn, which scores zero and is the best possible result. With optimal play it happens roughly once in every 14 turns on the nine-tile board and once in every 268 on the twelve-tile board.
Tile
- One of the hinged numbered flaps on the board, numbered 1 to 9 or 1 to 12. A tile is "open" when it is standing up and still available, and "shut" once it has been laid flat to cover part of a roll.
Single-die rule
- The standard rule that once every remaining open tile shows 6 or lower, the player may throw one die instead of two. It substantially improves the chance of finishing a turn, and most published rule sets treat it as automatic rather than optional.
Dead rollbust
- A roll whose total cannot be made from any combination of the tiles still open. A dead roll ends the turn immediately, and the tiles left standing are the score.
Digit scoring
- An alternative scoring method in which the open tiles are read left to right as a single number rather than added up, so leaving 5 and 7 open scores 57 instead of 12. It rewards shutting high tiles early and must be agreed before the first roll.
Canoga
- The most common North American name for Shut the Box, particularly in New England. The rules are the same; the name travelled with the game rather than marking a different variant.
Klackers
- A common British and Australian name for Shut the Box, after the sound the wooden tiles make. Also written Klacker or Clackers.
Batten down the hatches
- A nautical nickname for Shut the Box reflecting the game’s traditional association with Norman fishermen, who are usually credited with popularising it aboard boats.
Common questions about the rules
Can you shut more than one tile at a time in Shut the Box?
- Yes. You may shut any combination of open tiles that adds up to exactly your dice total, so a roll of 9 can shut 9, or 4+5, or 1+3+5, or 2+3+4. You may only shut one such combination per roll, and the tiles must add up exactly, so you cannot go over or under.
When can you roll only one die in Shut the Box?
- The standard rule is that once every tile still open is 6 or lower, you may roll a single die instead of two for the rest of your turn. Some sets word this as being allowed once tiles 7, 8 and 9 are shut, which amounts to the same thing on a 9-tile board.
What happens when you roll doubles in Shut the Box?
- Nothing special. Only the total matters, so a double 3 is simply a 6 and is played exactly like a 4 and a 2. There is no bonus and no extra roll. The idea that doubles do something extra usually comes across from backgammon or Monopoly, and no standard Shut the Box rule set includes it.
What happens if you roll snake eyes in Shut the Box?
- Snake eyes totals 2, so the only legal move is shutting the 2 tile. There is no combination that makes 2 once it is down, because each number appears on the box only once and 1 by itself is short. Every other total can be made more than one way, which is what makes snake eyes the most dangerous roll late in a turn.
What happens if you roll double 6 in Shut the Box?
- Double 6 totals 12. On a 12-tile box you can shut the 12 outright, or any open combination adding to it. On a 9-tile box there is no single tile that high, so you need a combination such as 9+3, 8+4 or 5+4+3, and if none is still open the turn ends.
What happens if you cannot make your roll?
- Your turn ends immediately. You do not get another roll, and you score the sum of the tiles still open. The next player then starts a fresh turn with all tiles reopened.
Does shutting the box win the game instantly?
- Yes. Shutting every tile scores 0, which no other player can beat, so it wins the round outright. In pub play a player who shuts the box traditionally wins the whole game immediately and everyone else pays the forfeit.
Is Shut the Box a game of luck or skill?
- Both. The dice are pure luck, but which tiles you choose to shut is a real decision with measurably different outcomes. Optimal play on the 9-tile board averages a final score of 11.66 and shuts the box about once every 14 games, which is far better than shutting tiles at random.
Can you play Shut the Box by yourself?
- Yes, and solo play is one of the most common ways the game is played. On your own there is no opponent to beat, so the target is your own score: shut as many tiles as you can, and try to beat your previous best or shut the box outright. The rules for a turn are identical whether one person is playing or six.
How do you play Shut the Box with 2 players?
- Take turns at the whole box. One player rolls and shuts tiles until they cannot make their roll, notes the total of the tiles still standing, then resets every tile and hands the box over. The lower score after both have played wins the round.
How do you play Shut the Box with 4 players?
- Exactly as with two: each player takes the box in turn, plays until they are stuck, and records the pips left standing. With four players a round is four turns, and the lowest total wins it. Nothing about a turn changes with the number of players, which is why one box handles any group.
Can you play Shut the Box online?
- Yes. The board at the top of this page is a full version of the game that runs in your browser, with no download, no app and no account. It plays the 9-tile and 12-tile boards, applies the single-die rule, and keeps your scores on your own device.
Can you play Shut the Box for money?
- Not here. The game on this site is for entertainment only: nothing is staked, nothing is won and there are no prizes. Historically the game was played in pubs, where the loser of a round would traditionally stand the next round or put a small amount into a kitty, but that was always a private arrangement between players rather than part of the rules.